I hope your holiday was great. It is almost finihing this year and I am thinking what to write to my News Year Resolution. I mean things for grow my booty. It can be food, medicaments, clothes, diet, etc. I will think the best tips that I found on the internet and all advices that I got from friends (thanks all!).
I was reading that some medicaments can do redistribution of body fat, means where it store more and where it burns as a energy for the body.
You can read it below and do your comments or maybe help me to find more information about it and if there is a medicament that act in this
alpha and beta receptors. There certainly have some answers. Again it is my lack of English knowledge plus inexperience in internet research that keeps the answers out of me = (
I am very anxious to get some injections of estrogen that I hope to get next year (can be one of my News Year Resolution). You will know it when I get it = )
Have a great time and the folowing holiday that is coming.
I am just curious: what are your News Year Resolution? ; )
= )
Carol
Information about fat metabolism:
Epinephrine & Lipolysis
Epinephrine is the primary hormone that stimulates lipolysis (Rasmussen & Wolfe, 1999). Epinephrine binds to receptors on various cells throughout the body, such as adipocytes and muscle cells, and can either activate or inhibit HSL (Blaak, 2001). The two main types of epinephrine receptors are alpha and beta receptors. Epinephrine can stimulate lipolysis through the beta receptors and can inhibit lipolysis through the alpha receptors (Blaak, 2001). The type of receptor available and its sensitivity to epinephrine will determine the response of HSL in any given tissue. It is interesting to note that alpha and beta receptors can be located on the same cells, however, depending on which receptor is more abundant and available for epinephrine binding determines the response of HSL. For example, research has shown that abdominal adipocytes are more sensitive to beta receptor stimulation by epinephrine than hip and thigh adipocytes in both men and women (Braun & Horton, 2001). This finding suggests that fat around the abdominal area is easier to mobilize than fat located in the hip and thigh areas. In addition, women tend to have a greater number of alpha receptors in the hip and thigh regions (Blaak, 2001). This would tend to favor the storage of fat, as opposed to the mobilization of fat, in the hip and thigh region. The differences in the type and number of cell receptors may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the differences in fat distribution between men and women (Blaak, 2001). Another mechanism contributing to the differences in fat distribution between men and women is the concentration of LPL in various tissues. Women have a higher LPL concentration and activity in the hip and thigh region compared to the abdominal region (Pollock & Wilmore, 1990).
Estrogen & Lipolysis
The female hormone estrogen may have a positive effect on resting and exercise fat metabolism. Although there appears to be a connection between estrogen and increased fat metabolism, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Research has suggested that estrogen may aid in the mobilization of fat from adipose tissue. There are several proposed mechanisms for this increase in fat mobilization. First estrogen has been found to inhibit the hormone LPL (Ashley et al., 2000). Remember that LPL is responsible for the breakdown of TG in the blood stream for storage in adipose tissue or fuel for active tissues. Second, estrogen has been shown to enhance epinephrine production. A higher concentration of epinephrine would increase the activity of HSL, the hormone responsible for adipose tissue lipolysis.
Estrogen has also been reported to stimulate the production of growth hormone (GH). Growth hormone inhibits the uptake of glucose (carbohydrate) by active tissues and increases the mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue (Robergs & Roberts, 1997). GH works by inhibiting insulin production from the pancreas and stimulating HSL (Ashley et al., 2000). Insulin is the main hormone that promotes glucose transport into muscle cells to be used as energy, and it is a potent inhibitor of HSL. Estrogen may enhance fat metabolism by increasing the production of GH and inhibiting the production of insulin. In turn, this would decrease glucose metabolism and increase FFA utilization (Ashley et al., 2000).
Another factor that could promote a higher fat metabolism in women is an increase in blood flow to adipose tissue, especially during exercise (Braun & Horton, 2001). Estrogen has been shown to cause a vasodilation (widening) in blood vessels, but it is not yet known if this vasodilation is specific to adipose tissue perfusion (flow of blood into the tissue) or a general effect on the entire vasculature in the body. Estrogen also increases the production of the hormone Nitric Oxide (NO). NO, which is produced by cells that line the blood vessels, causes a relaxation of the smooth muscle that surrounds blood vessels leading to vasodilation. If women maintained a higher blood flow to the adipose tissue, interaction between epinephrine and adipose tissue beta receptors would be increased. Additionally, this could enhance FFA transport from adipose tissue to active muscles during exercise.